One Flew Over The Cuckoos Nest Essay -- One Flew Over The Cuckoos Ne

One Flew Over The Cuckoo's Nest   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sometimes in life people are forced to conform to a certain situation for lack of a better alternative, and this is the case in One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest. These such people lack the will to stand up for their scruples, and intern are simply guided through their mundane lives by the powers that be. Until someone comes along offering them leadership and the prospect to become â€Å"big again.† The man who does so is no other than R.P. McMurphy. Scanlon, Harding, Bibbit, and Chief Bromden may have become adjusted to the oppressive system in which they lived, but certainly were much better adjusted to the real world and life in general after their experience with McMurphy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Some people may argue that the people of the mental hospital were better off without McMurphy because their lives were â€Å"normal† and routine. Their daily routine guided them through a series of happenings, which were both comfortable and tolerable to them, even though as a result of this they would remain subject to the manipulative ways of Nurse Ratchet. These people would say that the â€Å"oppressive society† that they lived in may not suit everyone, but certainly suited them.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  McMurphy, on the other hand, finds this setting to be suitable for no human being, and soon after arriving he sets the tone for change. â€Å" Well what they got that man strapped down for,† says McMurphy, â€Å" I don’t like that, no sir, it just aint dignified.† By coming to the hospital he brings a sense of realism and courage to the lives of these patients. They have been longing for leadership and McMurphy won’t be intimidated. â€Å"I’m thinkin’ a takin’ over this whole shebang,† says McMurphy, and he knows in order to do this he must instill courage into the patients of the ward.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As we are first introduced to the characters, we as the reader meet Harding, a middle aged man, who wears glasses and basically keeps to himself, saying only what he feels need be said. â€Å"Miss Ratched is a veritable angel of mercy and why, everybody knows it. She’s unselfish as the wind, toiling thanklessly for the good of all, day after day, seven days a week†¦ Oh no my egomaniac buddy, she is dedicated, she gives every bit of herself, she desires nothing more to see us walk out of her adjusted and capable once more of coping with life,† says Harding. What Harding does not yet know is McMurphy will... ....) I’m big again, Mac.† He turned and rushed out the window into the horizon.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Some people are forced to conform to a condemning situation, but thanks to McMurphy these people did not. He brought them all hope and a new light and sense of well being. He taught them how things were on the outside, in the â€Å"real world† and took them away from the boring lives they lived in the hospital even if it was only for a short amount of time. He gave Harding, Billy, and Chief Bromden the courage which they had always longed to have but could never exude on their own, and I certainly think society needs more people like him, more people to lead other and instill them with power. We as human beings long for leadership and someone to give us worth, and R.P. McMurphy was certainly the person to do so for these people. He may not be the best contribution to the economy, but in regards to people in general, there is no denying the potential we could have if only there were more people like him, people to motivate, and give us pride. McMurphy certai nly did this for all of the people he encountered in the hospital and made them better adjusted to live their lives to the fullest every day.

The required number of hours

Sleep is a basic human need. It functions to restore normal activity levels and normal balance among the parts of the nervous system and it allows for repair processes to occur as in protein synthesis (Kozier, 2004). Lack of sleep is said to cause an emotionally irritable, poorly concentrated individual that experiences decision making difficulty. The required number of hours of sleep per day varies with age. A newborn is expected to sleep for 16 to 18 hours a day, an infant 22 hours a day, a toddler 10 to 12 hours per day and preschool children need 11 to 12 hours of sleep per day (Kozier, 2004).As the individual grows older, he is required to sleep less. School aged children is required 8 to 12 hours of sleep, adolescents 8 to 10 hours, young adults 7 to 8 hours, middle aged adults 6 to 8 hours and elders only 6 hours (Kozier, 2004). The circadian rhythm, the most familiar rhythmic biologic clock that is responsible for our sleep-wake patterns, follows a dark-light pattern with the suprachiasmatic nucleus as its pacemaker (Bullock, 2000).The suprachiasmatic nucleus is found in the anterior hypothalamus and is stimulated by the receptors in the retina of our eyes. Melatonin, which has regulatory effects on the SCN, is secreted by the pineal gland and its secretion is stimulated by the dark and is suppressed by light (Bullock, 2000). Melatonin promotes sleep in this way, and fewer hormones secreted, as in the elderly, will be one of the many causes for insomnia (Bullock, 2000). There are several factors that can cause sleep pattern disturbance aside from a decrease in melatonin.Sleep pattern disturbances can be caused by external or internal factors and these disturbances can only be classified as a medical condition when they chronically interrupt sleep (Bullock, 2000) or when the inability to sleep well at night causes impaired daytime functioning (Atkinson, 2000). Sleep pattern disturbances have been grouped into four categories by the Association of Sleep D isorders Center, namely, disorders of initiating and maintaining sleep, disorders of excessive somnolence, disorders of sleeping-waking schedule and dysfunctions associated with sleep, sleep stages or partial arousal (Atkinson, 2000).Disorders of initiating and maintaining sleep include insomnias, which is the inability to sleep and maybe exhibited by difficulty falling asleep, there are recurrent awakenings, and early morning awakening without being able to go back to sleep (Atkinson, 2000). Reasons for the cause of insomnia is still not known, as some claim that this is a symptom of a disease or just a perception of individuals who feel that they have not gotten enough sleep because of some factors they claim to have experienced. Insomnia can be attributed to various factors that could either be pathologic or psychological.Pathologic causes include disease process, pain, obstructive uropathy, hyperthyroidism, congenital heart failure, respiratory disease, arthritis, and hormonal i mbalance (Atkinson, 2000). Psychologically, anxiety, obsessive worrying, chronic stress and depression can bring about insomnia (Atkinson, 2000). As much as possible, interventions for insomnia remain to be nonpharmacologic, but if the individual is experiencing sleeplessness that is ruining his daytime activities, a doctor will prescribe selected sedative-hypnotic medications.Although effective, these medications should not be used as often and several considerations should be noted. These medications produce a central nervous system depression and produces an unnatural sleep, it may resolve insomnia for tonight, but may disturb sleep the following night and cause daytime drowsiness (Kozier, 2004). Some medications are antianxiety medications which decrease the arousal ability of the individual taking it; these are also contraindicated to be taken by pregnant women because of the congenital anomalies that they may cause (Kozier, 2004).These medications also vary in their onset and duration of action and continuous use can lead to tolerance or to drug dependency (Kozier, 2004). Sudden cessation of these medications can result in withdrawal symptoms and even death, thus before withdrawal of medications, the dose should be gradually tapered to about 25% to 30% weekly. Examples of these medications are Chloral hydrate (Noctec), Ethchlorvynol (Placidyl), Flurazepam (Dalmane), Glutethimide (Doriden), Lorazepam (Ativan), Melatonin, Temazepam (Restoril), Triazolam (Halcion), Zaleplon (Sonata), and Zolpidem (Ambien) (Kozier, 2004).Alternative treatment for insomnia have been preferred over the pharmacologic therapy because alternative treatment is natural, hence less side effects are experienced and the individual will be able to have control over his sleep-wake cycle. Nonorthodox, unconventional, alternative, complementary, are a number of terms used to denote non-medical treatment that has been used since early times for a variety of diseases. Complementary and alte rnative medicine is defined as being identified through a social process as those practices that do not form part of the dominant system for managing health and disease (Kozier, 2004, p.224). Before considering any therapy, be it alternative or pharmacologic, the individual is advised to consider techniques on promoting rest and sleep. A person who is suffering from insomnia should establish a regular sleep-wake pattern, this means that he should try to go to sleep at the same time everyday and wake up at the same time also. This is to prevent disruptions in the biologic clock (Kozier, 2004). He should also try to eliminate lengthy naps in between sleeps, and if ever necessary should limit this to only thirty minutes per day at the same time everyday (Kozier, 2004).He should get ample exercise or physical activities during the day to lower stress but this should not be done two hours before bedtime. The individual should also avoid dealing with personal problems or office work befor e going to sleep and instead should establish a routine before sleep such as reading a book, listening to music or drinking a glass of warm milk (Kozier, 2004). Finally, to establish a sleep pattern the person is asked to only use the bed for sleeping, so that he would associate it with sleep, and that if still not drowsy, pursue some relaxing activity (Kozier, 2004).The environment also plays a role in helping the individual fall asleep. There should be appropriate lighting, temperature and ventilation as per the person’s desire, noise should be kept to a minimum and if extraneous noise is present, it should be blocked with soft music (Kozier, 2004). With regards to food consumption and diet, the individual should not take a heavy meal 3 hours before bedtime and to decrease fluid intake 2 to 4 hours prior to going to sleep but if it cannot be helped, void before sleeping (Kozier, 2004).Several drugs can disrupt sleep by delaying its onset, decreasing sleep time, and cause ni ghtmares and should be avoided before sleeping, examples are alcohol, amphetamines, antidepressants, beta-blockers, bronchodilators, caffeine, decongestants, and steroid (Kozier, 2004). Caffeine – containing foods and beverages include coffee, soda, tea and chocolate and should not be taken 4 hours before bedtime. Promoting comfort and relaxation may be helpful.The individual should wear loose-fitting nightwear, have taken a bath and does not feel sweaty and hot, make sure the bed linen is soft, smooth, clean and dry, and a back massage may be done, which is a type of touch therapy (Kozier, 2004). There are several healing modalities that are being implemented to help alleviate insomnia, and this includes touch therapy, mind-body therapy, and aroma therapy. Touch therapies, which include massage, foot reflexology, acupressure, and reiki, may stimulate the production of healing-promoting chemicals by the immune or limbic system (Kozier, 2004).Massage assists in relaxation and blood circulation improvement (Kozier, 2004). Physically, it promotes muscle relaxation by helping in release of lactic acid that is formed during strenuous activities and exercise, it improves blood and lymph flow, stretches joints, and helps in body toxin release and immune system stimulation (Kozier, 2004). It also has mental and emotional benefits like anxiety relief and it provides a sense of relaxation and well-being (Kozier, 2004).There are three kinds of massage strokes, namely effleurage (stroking), friction pressure and petrissage which is kneading or large quick pinches of the skin, subcutaneous tissues and muscles (Kozier, 2004). Mind-body therapies utilize the individual’s focus on realigning or creating balance in mental processed to bring about healing (Kozier, 2004). Progressive relaxation is most helpful in insomnia because it reduces increased level of stress and chronic pain by enabling the individual to wield control over the body’s responses to anx iety and tension (Kozier, 2004).There are three requisites though, to be able to make use of this technique. There should be correct posture, the person’s mind should be at rest and the environment should be noise free as possible and the technique is to make the individual tense and relax his muscles alternately and then focus attention on the differentiating feelings of each action (Kozier, 2004). This can result to decreased oxygen consumption by decreased metabolism, heart and respiratory rate, and decreased blood pressure (Kozier, 2004).Aromatherapy, which is defined clinically as the controlled use of essential oils for specific measurable outcomes by Kozier, can be used by massaging into the body, added to water that is used when bathing, inhaled or applied as hot or cold compresses. The oils used in this therapy are distilled from a variety of substances such as flowers, roots, wood resins, leaves, lemon or orange rinds, barks, etc. When inhaled, the oil’s arom a is detected by olfactory receptor cells in our nares.The stimuli received will travel along the olfactory nerve or the cranial nerve I, the stimuli will then be received by the olfactory bulb and will be sent to the brain. The essential oil aroma is thought to play a role in emotions, memory and a variety of body functions including the heart rate, blood pressure, breathing and immune response (Kozier, 2004). There are 300 essential oils being used and some of these are lavender for headache relief, stress and insomnia, peppermint for nausea relief, aid in respiration an antipyretic, and sandalwood for chapped skin, depression, and stress (Kozier, 2004).There are also some herbal preparations that can be used for insomnia. Hops and valerian are used to induce sleep by nervous system relaxation, as recommended by the website Holistic online. There are ways by which we can combine both the conventional treatment and the alternative therapies to reduce insomnia. One way is to do the techniques on promoting rest and sleep, while on low-dosed medication. In a way, this might still be useful in eventually lowering and then eliminating drug use while still maintaining a normal sleep-wake pattern.Although plausible, it is still best advised to not take pharmacologic therapy when necessary. There is to some extent a risk on using sedative-hypnotic drugs, as mentioned earlier. This can cause drug dependency, withdrawal symptoms if stopped abruptly without tapering the dose gradually, and can disrupt the sleep-wake pattern by causing excessive sleep and daytime drowsiness. It should also be noted that these drugs can be expensive and if needed on a daily basis may become a burden to healthcare cost budgets.The benefit of course is that you will be able to sleep, after a few minutes once the drug is taken. As to the nonpharmacologic treatment suggestions, there are no risks, as long as the person who would want to try out these therapies has an open mind and is willing to subject himself to these procedures. Health wise, the therapies do not present any danger to the individual being subjected to the procedures unless pregnant, has allergies to the essential oils or herbs, has fractures, skin conditions or disease processes.If the person has insomnia as a symptom to an underlying disease, he should immediately heed the physician’s advice. I do not see alternative treatment as a threat to the medical community, nor a competition. These two have very different procedures and are based on different dogmas that they should not be compared to each other. Although it cannot be helped, people should always be open-minded about these things, because they are at times useful, and have been subjected to numerous tests to be proven safe and effective.Of course, if one is in doubt of the nature or cause of their insomnia, one should head to the nearest clinic or to the family physician before taking these alternative treatments into consideration. Once there is no underlying pathology, then before taking sleeping pills to make the dilemma go away, nonpharmacologic therapy should and is highly recommended to be done. There is no harm to it, and it might just help. It costs less and can be done right at home without spending gas to go some place else. But if all else fails, then it is suggested to take the sleeping pills as prescribed by the physician.References Atkinson, R. L. , Atkinson R. C. , Smith E. E. , Bem, D. J. , & Nolen-Koeksema, S. (2000). Hilgard’s Introduction to Psychology. USA: Thomson. Bullock, B. and Henze, R. (2000). Focus on Pathophysiology. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Holistic Online. (1998-2007). Herb and Herbal Therapies. Retrieved January 25, 2008, from http://holisticonline. com/Remedies/Sleep/sleep_insomnia_herbs. htm Kozier, B. Erb, G. , Berman, A. , & Snyder, S. (2004). Fundamentals of Nursing. USA: Pearson Education. .

A Prisoners Tale of Prison - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2299 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/09/21 Category Ethics Essay Type Argumentative essay Level High school Tags: Prison Essay Did you like this example? A Prisoners Tale of Prison A prison is a penal institution administered by the state or federal government. It is a place for the confinement of persons convicted of criminal offenses and is therefore part of a larger penal system, which includes other aspects of criminal justice such as courts, law enforcement, and crime labs. Nevertheless, many people are critical of the US’s prison system the idea of locking up those who commit crimes against a society simply to keep them from doing harm. Many say that more rehabilitation is necessary to improve these individuals and, therefore, society as a whole. Although there are many aspects in regards to prison life, I plan to discuss what it is like to be an inmate in the California prison system. There are many prisons in the state of California. The most popular prison in California is San Quentin State Prison. San Quentin is a maximum level prison; with a current population of 5967 inmates. San Quentin holds a wide variety of inmates. These inmates are repeated criminals, murders, or gangs members. There are numerous gangs in San Quentin. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "A Prisoners Tale of Prison" essay for you Create order The list of gangs are Black Guerrilla Family, Aryan Brotherhood, Mexican Mafia (La Eme), Texas Syndicate, La Nuestra Familia, Asian Tong, Mongols, Varrio Sureno Locos, Hells Angels, 18th Street, Nazi Low Riders, Two Two Boys, Crips (Westside 18 GIB). Those are just to name a few gangs that are in San Quentin. San Quentin is a state prison that has a Death Row. They have two options for death row personnel lethal injection or lethal gas. San Quentin is famous for housing some of the most ruthless, dangerous criminals, such as Robert Walter Scully, Stanley Tookie Williams (San Quentin Prison, 2006). Prison life is not a normal life. You are always incarcerated with other inmates. Once you are brought to prison you are processed and screened. You are checked for any weapons, narcotics and any other dangerous materials. Once you are â€Å"stripped searched†, you are then screened according to your history of violence, in other words whether or not you were a gang member you will be housed in accordance to your background (criminal offenses). A prime example is if you have gang-affiliated background you will be placed in a gang section. Another example is that of San Quentin, all new inmates are processed and placed in their section and headed to what is called West Block. It is the area where new inmates go and are housed in their cells. The blocks so to speak are five tier buildings that can house up to two or three inmates at one time. In prison you are being watched every minute. While in prison you have recreation time, which is time outside to walk, lift weights, and exercise. When it dinner time you are brought one tier at a time. San Quentin has solitary confinement, which is no communication with outside or other inmates. They call this the â€Å"hole†. San Quentin is an old prison that is still active today. The difference between San Quentin and modern day prisons is San Quentin is one of the oldest prisons today. They have very minimal technology for this prison (Inside San Quentin, 2005). All cells are to be unlocked one by one and opened simultaneously by a handle. Each prison has programs to rehabilitate an inmate that is trying to change. Such rehab programs are workshop related, on job training. Some programs give prisoners a job working with the prison staff doing minor upgrades and fixing minor repairs. These programs are to help an inmate get back on their feet and adjust to society. For example, San Quentin has The San Quentin Drama Workshop (Berton, 2008); San Quentin SQUIRES (San Quentin Utilization of Inmate Resources, Experiences, and Studies) program, which is a program that began in 1964; it is reported to be the oldest juvenile awareness program in the United States. It involves inmates at the prison interacting with troubled youths for the purpose of deterring them from crime. Another great rehabilitation method is the on-site college degree-granting program. It’s a program to help inmate attain a degree. Currently San Quentin is the only prison in the State of California who is authorized for this program; The California Reentry Program at San Quentin, begun in 2003, helps inmates re-enter society after they serve their sentences (Moody, 2007). Although there are many perceptions as to what life is like in prison; I conducted an interview with an ex-convict who served time for Manufacturing of Methamphetamine. He explained to me what his experience was like in prison, which gave me a better understanding of prisoners life behind bars as well as the opportunities that are offered to them. He further more explained, that while in prison it’s a completely different environment, you are always being watched. You are in your cell 23 hours a day. You will shower when you are told to shower, eat when you are told to eat and have yard time when you are told to. He also stated that being in prison is a constant fight for respect. In prison there are rules, these rules are â€Å"prison rules†. Once you are waiting to be processed, someone is assigned to you to induct you into the prison world. Mainly the dos and don’ts of prison life and the rules that is associated with prison. The person that inducts you is of your own race. Some of the rules that are forced up on you are that you must only associate with your own race, eat with your own race, and communicate with your own race. You can still say hello to another race, but you can hold a conversation with any other race but your own. Even though these rules are hard to understand in society, that is the only way you can stay alive and have no problems in prison. While in prison there is a steady routine that is to be followed at all times. Every day at 530am all prisoners are awaken and are to be ready for breakfast. When it is breakfast, lunch or dinner each tier rotates on a weekly basis, meaning one week it will be tier 1, next, tier 2, and so on. After breakfast you are allowed to have â€Å"yard time† during your yard time you will be able to have time to walk around the yard, work out, tend to your job and or attend school. During yard time you will see every race segregated. Each race will have a section of yard to themselves. In that area you are always being watched. There are lookouts in every race, and or gang that is looking out for everyone’s back. Do not be fooled even though there are guards watching everyone, each race/gang has weapons readily available. No matter where you are you always have someone watching you back. When you are in prison, you are always to have your back to wall, always be aware of your surroundings, and always keep your head up. You will never know when you will be victim of foul play or just collateral damage. What I found interesting while conducting this interview, I found that there is a point system for every inmate. For example, the point system is based on what crime you committed, and if you have any history with the criminals justice system. This what is called processing. Once you’re are processed you are giving so many points. These points put you at a certain criteria, meaning when its yard time you will be given so many hours for yard time. Most inmates have an average of 25 points, which allows them to have open yard privileges, and longer hours. When you cause trouble in prison your points go up and you will loose privileges such as yard time, and the ability to hold a job and or special privileges. During the interview, he also stated that jobs and rehab programs are not given to you upon your request. It all comes down to waiting. You have to wait for your time to come to either get a job and or join a rehabilitation program. Keep in mind when your time comes up you will have the opportunity to work and join rehabilitation programs, but if you deny that opportunity you will have lost that opportunity and you will have to wait until your time again. When you have the opportunity in getting a job you are very little options, such jobs are furniture making, laundry, kitchen duties, and porters. When you have a job you work so many hours a day. The pay is minimum for example back in the day when this person was in prison he was getting paying 17-20 cents an hour. You may think all those years and money adds up , which means you may have a lot of money. That is not the case, when an inmate gets paid they have deductions that come out of that pay. All in all an inmate will only receive 20 percent pay from their jobs. Their deductions are as follows, 20 percent going to victims of violent crimes; 20 percent goes to room and board; 20 percent restitution; 20 percent they make you save. Overall, you only receive 20 percent, which in total is about $200. 00 dollars once you are released. My last part of the interview was in regards to after completion of time severed; what happens to you then? This question was crucial in my interview because I wanted to see what answers this person provided. Articles state that we send prisoners to jobs and they start their life over from there. He stated that once he was released from prison he was given 200 dollars and sent on his way. Luckily for him since he had a charge dealing with drugs, he was ordered to attend substance abuse program. After completion of substance abuse program, he was also ordered to stay in a half way house. While in that half way house he was on parole for 3 years. While there he had to find himself a job, help clean the house, and attend his parole meetings and he was subject to random inspections, and random urinalysis exams. While being on parole for 3 years, it was his responsibility to find himself a job. While my interviewee was explaining his struggles in finding a job, it was brought to my attention that even though we have prisoners in prison for crimes they committed that it is very difficult for them to find a job even if they went to treatment and was on parole and showed progress that they can be trusted. These programs that we have implemented for prisoners to rehabilitate themselves really doesn’t work in my eyes because we are sending criminals out with very little money and no guidance for them to find a job or to get back on their feet. The question that lies on my mind is, do these programs really work? Me honestly they do not, because these programs are not holding their part in helping a person find a job. We (society) is sending out criminals who have done their time and displayed themselves to society that they can be trusted and what do we give them a pat on the back and say goodbye. What kind of message are we sending for future criminals especially juveniles that are seeking advice to better themselves? I feel that if they are bettering themselves, display remorse, and paid all debts to society then we should help them find a job and be part of society. It took my interviewee about 2 years to find a job and get stable again. Even with his criminal record he was able to find a job. Granted with his criminal record he was not able to get certain jobs, but he was able to find one. Even with his rehabilitation programs, classes, and good parole standings he was denied jobs even the most less paying jobs all because of his criminal record. Granted a criminal record does hinder your options for job but he still did his time and parole and paid his debts at least the programs could have lead him the direction to find a job and provide referrals on his behalf stating that he was an upstanding citizen and was able to hold a steady job. I personally feel that we need to revamp our programs and be not judgmental on criminals who are released from prison. To conclude, there are many aspects in regards to prison life. As a whole life in prison bring forth negativity and anger and helps reinforce criminal mindsets instead of rehabilitating them. Therefore, I think the use of alternative sentencing would be effective in seeing which offenders are repeaters before being exposed to prison. I furthermore believe that the existence of a prison is based on the need to remove so-called menaces to society from the public. To keep them in the care of the state and under a restrained environment for a certain amount of time, which varies depending upon the circumstances of their confinement? To quote my interviewee, â€Å"Once was enough†. References Insideprison (2006). San Quentin Prison, Retrieved June 7, 2010 from https://www. insideprison. com/San-Quentin-State-Prison. sp MSNBC Special (2006), Inside San Quentin, Retrieved on June 7, 2010 from https://www. msnbc. msn. com/id/6890776 Berton, J. , (2008), When ‘Waiting for Godot’ played San Quentin, retrieved on June 07, 2010, from https://www. sfgate. com/cgi-bin/article. cgi? f=/c/a/2008/12/22/DDME14SN4R. DTL City Youth Now (2010), S. Q. U. I. R. E. S, retriev ed June 07, 2010, from https://www. cityyouthnow. org/programs/squires Moody, S. , (2007) California Reentry Program gives ex-cons a second chance, retrieved June 07. 2010 from https://www. sfgate. com/cgi-bin/article. cgi? f=/c/a/2007/12/09/LV92TOP61. DTL

The Vision For Vital Connect Programs Essay - 1217 Words

4. RESOLUTION The vision for vital connect program is to create a model for coordinated, collaborative and coordinated patient care system. This model can be implemented by creating a well structured and connected province-wide health information technology solution. This HIT solution will consist of following: †¢ Provincial clinical information system †¢ E-referral system †¢ Personal health portal 4.1 Provincial clinical information system EHR is defined in the Health Information Act (HIA)[4] as â€Å" the interconnected electronic health information which is developed to be shared across authorized users in a secure environment .â€Å" By creating a vast network of interconnected repositories, EHR will provide a easy access to health information about individual patients to care, providers.To create a province-wide clinical information system, the first challenge is to connect individual Electronic Medical Records (EMR) that may be concise to a particular healthcare facility. Currently, more than 1200 standalone EMR systems exist within Alberta Health Services (AHS), with very few of them interconnected and most of them outdated. The vision to create a province-wide fully connected clinical information system can be fulfilled if all these stand-alone systems are updated and attached to each other to facilitate seamless flow of information and instructions. There are various advantages to using provincial CIS: †¢ Better Patient Care †¢ Increased efficiency †¢ Better quality of care †¢Show MoreRelatedHasbro Case Study - Ethical Behavior1287 Words   |  6 PagesIn the aftermath of Tyco’s executive scandal in the early 2000’s, Ed Breen and Tyco’s newly elected management team were vital elements to the repair of Tyco’s corporate social responsibility and company image. During this time, Tyco International began focusing on the repair of internal weaknesses and devised several initiatives to improve their image and reform their values. During Tyco’s reform period they focused on multiple goals and company-wide achievements. Governance, customers, growthRead MoreBusiness Analysis : Corporate Website Analysis Essay1468 Words   |  6 Pagesto be top most vital sector for the economy. The websites of two Australian banking companies: Common Wealth Bank of Australia and Beyond Bank priding themselves for providing integrated financial services and leading in the Australian financial services industry is evaluated on the image in terms of the corporate identity and culture as aligned with the organisation’s vision and values. VISION AND VALUES Vision statement takes mission and adds an element of human values. CBA’s vision is stated asRead MoreHealth St. Joseph s Hospital And Medical Services Essay1271 Words   |  6 Pageschosen hospital’s mission, vision, and/or value statement to services provided to the community. Dignity Health and their sponsoring congregation’s mission is committed to further the healing ministry of Jesus. They dedicate their resources to delivering compassionate, high-quality, affordable health services; Serving and advocating for our sisters and brothers who are poor and disenfranchised; and Partnering with others in the community to improve the quality of life. Vision: People from around theRead MoreMission and Vision Statement of Rim1628 Words   |  7 PagesMotion (RIM) organization, it showed that the organization itself does not provide vision and mission statement to their employees as well as the public. According to Thompson and Strickland (2010), a strategic vision delineates management’s aspirations for the business, providing a panoramic view of â€Å"where are we going.† It lay out the company’s strategic course in preparing for the future. A clear strategic vision communicates the management’s aspirations to stakeholders. It also helps steer theRead MoreHrm595Proposal Plan, Part Iv1081 Words   |  5 Pagesenvironment. Walgreens is a successful business looking to progress overall presentation and place the company for potential expansion. In order for this to follow through, a total rewards program needs to be created. The incentives and compensation plan must connect with the goals of the organi zation. A solid rewards program will build motivation in the work place. As the text states, â€Å"The notions that rewards are means to motivate employees assuming that the rewards are distributed fairly. Rewards seemRead MoreAdministrative Interview Of Stephanie Thompson Essay885 Words   |  4 Pagesis the Executive Principal of Farragut High School. When she first started at Farragut High School, she the parents and community stated that they never knew what was going on in the school. Mrs. Thompson’s first priority was to establish ways to connect with the school community. She started by welcoming staff, students and parents every morning not only at the doorway but in the parking lot as well by directing traffic. Some days Stephanie would ask the students about their family or have shortRead MoreHealth Issues Of The Medical Field1650 Words   |  7 Pages82 years old lady, who has developed health problems which make her feel isolated and lonely. The following ess ay highlights Molly’s leg ulcer, primary health care, wellness, health professionals and how these have been used to create a learning program for Molly. It also describes the pathophysiology of diabetes, Type II Diabetes and resources/ support services for the client’s spouse who is experiencing grief after the client died. Lunnay McIntyre (2014) describes Primary Health Care (PHC) asRead MoreThe Keep Indianapolis Beautiful : A Great Appreciation For Art, Nature And Sense Of Community1023 Words   |  5 PagesIndianapolis went from a trashy, neglected city to a place of beauty, pride and opportunities. Throughout this profile, I will identify how KIB’s legacy was created, its contibution to social capital through â€Å"private action for public good†, and why KIB is vital for not only Indianapolis, but the world in its entirety. In 1947, John Gunther, an American journalist, was responsible for the negative perspective on the city of Indianapolis. In the 1960’s and 70’s, around the time women demanded to be heardRead MoreArticle Review on â€Å"How PG Tripled Its Innovation Success Rate†1073 Words   |  5 Pagesrate of their innovations. The article began by mentioning how innovation was the â€Å"backbone of PG’s growth†, but at the start of the 2000’s, only 15% of PG’s innovations actually met expectations (Brown Anthony, 2011). PG created the â€Å"Connect and Develop† program which allowed people from outside the company to give their own ideas to the company, but the first major step in creating successful innovations was to hire two PG veterans to build a â€Å"growth factory† (Brown Anthony, 2011). The twoRead MoreSchool Counseling : A Unique Ethical Code872 Words   |  4 PagesContinuing education can include conferences, webinars, or workshops which allow people from the field to network with peers and earn continuing education units (ASCA, 2016). Furthermore, the ASCA website lists the vision, mission, goals, and objectives to outline professional identity. The vision includes advocacy, leadership, collaboration, and systemic change. Empowering school counselors with knowledge, skills, and resources to foster student success. The mission is that school counselors will be professional

Neoliberalism Is A Political Project For Restore Class Power

Neoliberalism has a tendency to increase social inequality and this tendency is no accident. The rich thorough military force political maneuvering and the construction of mass consent decimate social infrastructure and break trade unions and social movements in order to cement class power. Proof that neoliberalism is more about class power than economic efficiency can be found in the numbers. The global picture looks, at least on the surface, to be very bleak. The poorest 40 percent of the world’s population accounts for 5 percent of global income. The richest 20 percent accounts for three-quarters of world income . Income inequality increased by 32% between 1960 and 2005 in the UK and in the US it increased by 23% . Neoliberal governance often departs from the theoretical template, providing further proof for Harvey’s thesis that neoliberalism is a political project to restore class power. These pragmatic departures prove very beneficial to the rich and in turn result in increased inequality and poverty. Harvey argues that neoliberal governance has two fundamental biases which show how favouring class power trumps the theoretical framework. Firstly, in practice neoliberal governance always favours fostering ‘good investment’ over ‘good business. Second, neoliberal states ‘typically favour the integrity of the financial system and the solvency of financial institutions over the well-being of the population or environmental quality’ . The reliance neoliberalism places onShow MoreRelatedThe Collapse Of The Soviet Union1387 Words   |  6 Pagescountry to country, the foundation among all the states was to rebuild the region through multipolarity and solidarity. Since the implementation of neoliberal economic policies in the 1980s, many Latin American countries were experiencing social, political, and economic crises, leftist movements and parties began rising to challenge the new order. The Pink Tide began in 1998 when Hugo Chavez was elected president in Venezuela. This paved the way for other leftist groups to gain momentum throughoutRead MoreEmerging From The Global Recession Of 1973-19752054 Words   |  9 PagesEmerging from the global recession of 1973-1975, the resulting surge of neoliberalism transformed the global economy into a secularized faith that draws on anxiety and responsibility for sustenance. Debt answers to anxiety and allows for a greater participation in the economy, subsequently, debtors become shackled to their indebtedness, which evolves into a continuous moral burden. The relationship between credit and debt has developed into a necessary technique of govern ­ment under neoliberal regimesRead MoreRadical Social Work and Social Action4276 Words   |  18 Pageshappiness, but there are rules for radicals who want to change their world†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Saul D. Alinsky, 1971. Above statement has the key to change the existing Indian society. In India, different social movements are going on against the politics of neoliberalism. This paper examines the difference between radical social work and social movements. This paper also reflects upon the ongoing movements and also criticizes social work practice. Managerial perspective to social distress created as a result ofRead MoreYasuni Itt7226 Words   |  29 Pagespublished in New Society Magazine No.237, January-February 2012, ISSN 0251-3552, www.nuso.org A major transition for a great transformation Reflections from the Yasunà ­-ITT Initiative Renà © Ramà ­rez Gallegos1 When discussing the development of a political project from the Left there are two opposing positions or aspects: those which promote the idea of better managing and regulating capitalism – that is, striving for â€Å"good capitalism† – and those who hold anticapitalist positions. The author of this articleRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesDavid M. Scobey, Empire City: The Making and Meaning of the New York City Landscape Gerda Lerner, Fireweed: A Political Autobiography Allida M. Black, ed., Modern American Queer History Eric Sandweiss, St. Louis: The Evolution of an American Urban Landscape Sam Wineburg, Historical Thinking and Other Unnatural Acts: Charting the Future of Teaching the Past Sharon Hartman Strom, Political Woman: Florence Luscomb and the Legacy of Radical Reform Michael Adas, ed., Agricultural and Pastoral SocietiesRead MoreContemporary Issues in Management Accounting211377 Words   |  846 Pagesaccounting. In the recent past, management accounting has not only seen changes within existing domains of the Weld but has also witnessed extensions outside its established realms of activity. Wider systemic transformations including changes in political regimes, novel conceptions of management controls, the impact of globalizing forces on commercial aVairs, shifts in notions of eVective knowledge management, governance, and ethics, and technological advances, including the rise of broadband, have

Srs on Management System Free Essays

string(44) " the manual outlined in UD-1 AS-1: AS-2: 2\." Software Requirements Specification For Attendance Tracking System, Release 1. 0 Version 1. 0 Prepared by Lee Bell, Graham Kennedy, Jonathan Loudin, Roger Seagle February 9, 2003 Table of Contents Table of Contents†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ i Revision History†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. We will write a custom essay sample on Srs on Management System or any similar topic only for you Order Now †¦ i 1. Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 1 1. 1 Purpose†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 1 1. 2 Document Conventions†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 1 1. 3 Intended Audience and Reading Suggestions†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 1 1. 4 Project Scope†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã ¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 1. 5 References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 1 2. Overall Description†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ . 1 2. 1 Product Perspective†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ 1 2. 2 Product Features†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ â⠂¬ ¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ 1 2. 3 User Classes and Characteristics†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ 1 2. 4 Operating Environment†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ . 2 2. 5 Design and Implementation Constraints†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ .. 2 2. User Documentation†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ . 2 2. 7 Assumptions and Dependencies†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ 2 3. System Features†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ 3 3. 1 Roll Mode†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ . 3 3. 2 Edit Mode†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ . 4 3. 3 Statistics Mode†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ . 6 4. External Interface Requirements†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ .. 7 4. User Interfaces†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ . 7 4. 2 Hardware Interfaces†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ . 7 4. 3 Software Interfaces†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ .. 7 4. 4 Communications Interfaces†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ . 8 5. Other Nonfunctional Requirements†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ .. 8 5. 1 Performance Requirements†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ .. 8 5. 2 Safety Requirements†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ â⠂¬ ¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ 8 5. Security Requirements†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ . 8 5. 4 Software Quality Attributes†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ . 8 6. Other Requirements†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ 9 Revision History Name Everyone Everyone Date February 9, 2003 February 12, 2003 Reason For Changes Initial Draft Revise Draft Version 1. 0 draft 1 2. 0 Final Version 1. Introduction The following document describes the functional a nd non-functional requirements for the Attendance Tracking System release version 1. . The contents are intended to be utilized by the software engineering class as guidelines for implementation and testing. This Software Requirements Specification document only covers the main system and does not describe the implementation of the database in which the main system interacts. All the requirements stated in this document are slated for implementation in version 1. 0, unless otherwise specified. 1. 1 Purpose 1. 2 Document Conventions As of the latest version of this Software Requirements Specification, there are no document conventions. The intended audience is the software engineering class, who will be implementing and testing the Attendance Tracking System. Also, the document is to be utilized by the software engineering professor to evaluate the software’s design and features. The Attendance Tracking System will allow professors to maintain a record of attendance of students in their respective classes from a Pocket PC. Also, the system will permit the instructor to send a student a notification email of their absence. Furthermore, the program provides different modes to edit attendance, view tatistics, and take notes on elements pertaining to attendance. The goal is to provide a professor with an easy, portable solution to attendance record maintenance and attendance statistics. 1. 3 Intended Audience and Reading Suggestions 1. 4 Project Scope 1. 5 References 1. Weigers, Karl. Software Requirements Specification Template, http://www. processimpact. com/process_assets/srs_template. doc 2. Overall Descript ion The Attendance Tracking System is intended to replace the manual model of attendance record keeping by means of roll call and paper records. The roll call and paper records are replaced with a single interaction between the professor and the Attendance Tracking System. Professors will be able to view pictures of students on their Pocket PC and quickly maintain attendance records. The features expressed in this Software Requirements Specification document are intended to be fully implemented in version 1. 0. The system will be developed in such a way to provide easy addition of enhanced features, which may be desired in subsequent versions. The main feature of the Attendance Tracking System is for a professor to take roll from the Pocket PC. Pictures will be displayed for each student in the class, so the professor can recognize students without having to manually call roll. If students are absent, the system sends a notification email to the student stating the current number of absences the student has accumulated. Also, the system allows the professor to view pertinent statistics on student’s attendance record for the specified class. Finally, another feature of the Attendance Tracking System is the ability to easily edit the attendance record for any given day. Professors 2. 1 Product Perspective 2. 2 Product Features 2. User Classes and Characteristics A professor is a faculty member of Wake Forest University in Winston Salem, North Carolina. There are 357 faculty members at the university and it is estimated that almost all faculty members will utilize the Attendance Tracking System. Professors will have multiple classes and interaction with the system will occur at multiple times throughout the day from mul tiple professors. The professor should be allowed to take, edit, and view attendance records at any desirable time. All professors have wireless Internet access through their Pocket PC’ s while on campus. This connection provides the backbone of the Attendance Tracking System. Figure 1: Context diagram for Attendance Tracking System. 2. 4 Operating Environment OE-1: OE-2: OE-3: The Attendance Tracking System shall function on the Pocket PC provided by the university. This entails the system to operate on the Windows CE platform. The Attendance Tracking System shall interface between Windows CE and a Linux server designated to store the attendance records. The Web Server and Database Software have not been established at this point. Updated versions of this document will include information pertaining to these specific operating environments. The Attendance Tracking System will operate with a yet to be established email client for notification of absences sent to students. CO-1: CO-2: CO-3: 2. 5 Design and Implementation Constraints The time allotted for this project will be limited to the Spring 2003 semester. The language for the project will be Visual C++ and the development environment will be the embedded Visual C++ 3. 0 environment. All the HTML code for the user manual will conform to the HTML 4. 0 standard. UD-1: UD-2: . 6 User Documentation The system will provide an online user manual in HTML that describes the functionality and options available to the user. The system will provide a hard copy of the user manual, which is identical to the manual outlined in UD-1 AS-1: AS-2: 2. You read "Srs on Management System" in category "Papers" 7 Assumptions and Dependencies The database mentioned within this Sof tware Requirements Specification document is previously administered with the correct information needed by the Attendance Tracking System. For attendance policies, since professors do not usually tabulate tardiness, it is assumed a student is either present or absent. The notes functionality allows the professor the option to comment on tardiness and the edit mode allows the professor to correct attendance due DE-1: DE-2: 3. System Features to tardiness. Class data being used for setup and student recognition is dependent on information in a database administered outside of the capabilities of the Attendance Tracking System. Statistics on student attendance is dependent on a professor’ s consistent utilization of the system for each class period. Figure 2: State Diagram for transition between modes within the system. 3. 1 Roll Mode 3. 1. 1 Description and Priority A user whose identity has been verified will be able to retrieve a roster and take roll at class time. The Pocket PC will determine the correct roster for the current date and time, retrieve that roster from a database server, and display it for the purposes of taking roll. The user will be able to designate each class member as present or absent, and upload that status information to the server. The server will notify the class members marked as absent by e-mail. Priority = High. 3. 1. 2 Stimulus/Response Sequences Stimulus: Response: Stimulus: Response: Stimulus: Response: Stimulus: Response: User loads system. System queries server and if a class exists for the current date, time, and user, then that roster is retrieved and displayed. User requests that a class member be marked absent. The class member is designated as absent. User requests that a class member be marked present. The class member is designated as present. User requests that the data be sent to the server for storage. The absence data for the current roster are transmitted to the server. Stimulus: Response: Server receives data indicating a class member has been recorded absent. E-mail is sent to that class member. 3. 1. 3 Functional Requirements Roll. Retrieve. Time: Roll. Retrieve. Date: Roll. Retrieve. Roster: Roll. Retrieve. Roster. No: Roll. Display. Roster: Roll. Display. Members: Roll. Mark. Present: Roll. Mark. Absent: Roll. Transmit. Data: Roll. Notify. E-mail: The system shall retrieve the current time. The system shall retrieve the current date. The system shall retrieve the roster from the server that matches the current time and date. If no roster is found to match current time and date, default menus will be displayed. The system will display the roster on screen. The roster will display the pictures and names of class members. Members have the ability to be marked as present. Members have the ability to be marked as absent. The system will transmit the status of each class member in the active roster to the server. The system will notify all class members by e-mail if they are marked as absent along with their current status within the attendance policy. 3. 2 Edit Mode Figure 3: State Transitions within Roll Mode. 3. 2. 1 Description and Priority A user whose identity has been verified who wishes to change the absence status of one or more class members as is related to a past class period will have the ability to retrieve the roster data for that class period from the server. Absence data may then be adjusted and the corrections uploaded to the server. Any new absences will result in notification by e-mail to the class member in question. A change from absent to present will result in a notification that an absence has been removed. Priority = High. 3. 2. 3 Stimulus/Response Sequences Stimulus: Response: Stimulus: The user requests to view absence data from a certain date and time. The roster and absence data are retrieved from the server and displayed. The user requests that a class member’ s status be changed to absent. Response: Stimulus: Response: Stimulus: Response: The class member’ s status is changed to absent. The user requests that a class member’ s status be changed to present. The class member’ s status is changed to present. The user indicates that they are finished making changes. The altered data is uploaded to the server and server data is updated to reflect the changes. E-mail notification is sent to the class members affected. 3. 2. 3 Functional Requirements Edit. Retrieve. Time: Edit. Retrieve. Date: Edit. Retrieve. Roster: Edit. Retrieve. Roster. No: Edit. Display. Roster: Edit. Display. Members: The system shall allow the user to choose the date of the roster to be retrieved. The system shall allow the user to choose the date of the roster to be retrieved. The system will retrieve the roster and absence data from the requested date and time. If no such roster exists, an error message will be displayed. The system will display the roster on screen. The roster will display the pictures and names of class members along with current absence status on screen. Members will have the ability to have their status changed to present. Members will have the ability to have their status changed to absent. The system will transmit the new status of each class member in the active roster to the server. The system will notify all class members by e-mail if their status has been changed to absent along with their current status within the attendance policy. The system will notify all class members by e-mail if their status has been changed to present along with their current status within the attendance policy. Edit. Mark. Present: Edit. Mark. Absent: Edit. Transmit. Data: Edit. Notify. Absent: Edit. Notify. Present: Figure 4: State Transitions within Edit Mode. 3. 3 Statistics Mode 3. 3. 1 Description and Priority A user whose identity has been verified may request absence statistics for class members in classes under their control. Statistics for an individual class member may be retrieved and displayed with regard to number, frequency, date of absences as well as the percentage of classes missed over a user-defined period of time. A list of class members who were absent for a chosen class period may also be retrieved. Priority = High. 3. 2. 3 Stimulus/Response Sequences Stimulus: Response: User requests a statistical record. Statistics are calculated, retrieved from the server, and displayed. 3. 3. 3 Functional Requirements Stats. Define. Range: Stats. Request. Number: Stats. Request. Dates: Stats. Request. Frequency: Stats. Request. Percentage: Stats. Request. List: Stats. Retrieve. Number: Stats. Retrieve. Dates: Stats. Retrieve. Frequency: Stats. Retrieve. Percentage: Stats. Retrieve. List: The user shall have the ability to set the date or range of dates for which statistics will be retrieved. The user shall have the ability to request the number of absences for a class member. The user shall have the ability to request the dates of the absences for a class member. The user shall have the ability to request the frequency of absences for a class member. The user shall have the ability to request the percentage of class periods that a class member was absent. The user shall have the ability to request a list of the class members absent on a given date. The system shall have the ability to calculate and retrieve the number of absences for a class member from the server. The system shall have the ability to calculate and retrieve the dates of the absences for a class member from the server. The system shall have the ability to calculate and retrieve the frequency of absences for a class member from the server. The system shall have the ability to calculate and retrieve the percentage of class periods that a class member was absent from the server. The system shall have the ability to retrieve a list of the class members absent on a given date from the server. The system shall have the ability to display the number of absences for a class member. The system shall have the ability to display the dates of the absences for a class member. Stats. Display. Number: Stats. Display. Dates: Stats. Display. Frequency: Stats. Display. Percentage: Stats. Display. List: The system shall have the ability to display the frequency of absences for a class member. The system shall have the ability to display the percentage of class periods that a class member was absent. The system shall have the ability to display a list of the class members absent on a given date. Figure 5: State Transitions within Statistics Mode. 4. External Interface Requirements 4. 1 User Interfaces UI-1: UI-2: UI-3: UI-4: UI-5: The Attendance Tracking System shall provide pictures above the names of students in the class to aid in taking roll. These pictures can be clicked with a stylus in order to indicate whether a student is present or absent. All modifications to the database will be done through a stylus, the keyboard would only be needed to enter passwords. The Attendance Tracking System will provide a help link that will download a user manual and project it onto the screen in case the user has difficulty in using the program. The program will provide a page that produces current statistics on class attendance. 4. 2 Hardware Interfaces HI-1: HI-2: HI-3: The Attendance Tracking System will reside on the Pocket PC, however, it will be able to report its data to a database set up on a Solaris machine. The Attendance Tracking System will also be able to tell the Solaris machine to send emails to students who have missed class. The Pocket PC will use a wireless Ethernet card to communicate with the database set up on the Solaris machine. 4. 3 Software Interfaces SI-1: SI-1. 1: SI-1. 2: SI-1. 3: SI-2: SI-2. 1: SI-2. 2: Attendance Tracking System This software will transmit the attendance of a class to a database on a Solaris machine via wireless Ethernet. The user will be allowed to modify attendance records at any time. If the user forgets to transmit the information, the system will automatically send it for them at the end of the class. Database The Attendance Tracking System will communicate with the database to perform the following options. To allow a user to enter attendance. To allow a user to modify attendance. SI-2. 3: SI-3: To allow a user to query a system to gain statistics concerning individual and class attendance. Mail Message Generator If a student is absent, the database will send the necessary information to this interface and an e-mail message will be sent to the student. 4. 4 Communications Interfaces CI-1: CI-2: CI-3: The security of a user must be consistent through the use of passwords. The Attendance Tracking System will signal the mail message generator when it needs to send an email to the student. The Attendance Tracking System will communicate to the database through a wireless Ethernet system. 5. Other Nonfunctional Requirements 5. 1 Performance Requirements PE-1: PE-2: PE-3: PE-4: PE-5: PE-6: PE-7: The program must be able to be run concurrently by multiple professors. During peak times of usage (9:00 AM to 2:00 PM), the system shall support approximately 20 users. Transmission of roll data shall occur in under 5 seconds using the wireless network card. Acknowledgement of roll received (confirmation) shall be returned within 8 seconds. Queries upon the database shall be performed in less than 5 seconds. Upon start of the roll program, roll information shall be displayed on the instructor’ s Pocket PC within 10 seconds. Email messages to absent students shall be sent within one hour of the conclusion of a class. The program shall support taking roll for class sizes of up to 100 students. With a maximum class size, performance must still conform to all performance requirements. 5. 2 Safety Requirements No safety requirements have been identified. 5. 3 Security Requirements SE-1: SE-2: SE-3: SE-4: An instructor shall permitted to view and edit absence information in the database for only his/her classes. In order to take roll or edit database information, the instructor shall be required to enter a password. This password shall be stored on the instructor’ s Pocket PC after initial entry in order that it must only be entered once. Passwords shall be stored in an instructor database and verified upon each session of roll or database modification. An instructor shall be allowed to change his/her password only by supplying his/her existing password. The updated password shall be stored in the instructor database and on the instructor’ s Pocket PC. 5. Software Quality Attributes Availability-1: The system shall be available to all instructors through Information Systems during their normal hours of operation. Reliability-1: Reusability-1: Robustness-1: Robustness-2: Updatability-1: Usability-1: 6. Other Requirements Due to the use of a wireless network, reliability of the system at all times is not guaranteed. However, overall reliability of the system and roll information shall be achieved through the process of database manipulation. The system shall be able to be reused for each new semester. If no network connection can be established to receive the roll information, the instructor shall be allowed to enter roll later. If a network connection is lost during roll, the program shall allow the instructor to transmit roll information at a later time. The system shall allow for addition or deletion of instructors, students, and classes while incorporating new semesters. Usability of the system shall be achieved through an online help pages and an introductory training session for all instructors upon installation of the program on their Pocket PCs. 6. 1 Database Requirements DA-1: DA-2: DA-3: DA-4: The system shall include three databases: student, class, and instructor. The student database shall contain student information including name, email address, and student identification number. The class database shall contain information about classes including class title, department code and course number, meeting times, students enrolled, and absences. The class database shall be grouped by department code and course number. The instructor database shall contain information about instructors including name, email address, password, and classes taught. How to cite Srs on Management System, Papers

Renewable Energy Wicked Problem

Question: Discuss about the Renewable Energy Wicked Problem. Answer: Introduction We live and interact with one another in a particular environment which we call society. Over time we have seen many radical and pervasive changes in our society and social structure. In these changes, we have observed some perceived gap between the actual state and desired state. These turn out to have several solutions which may vary according to the availability of resources. But sometimes these are complicated and impossible to solve because of incomplete, contradictory requirements these are called wicked problem. Over time we have seen an industrial revolution taking place in our society to replace human labor with machines which are powered by electricity. Today, these innovations have changed our meanings of luxuries (Iychettira, Hakvoort Linares, 2017). Early society relied on fire for the luxuries of heat, light, and cooking but today at the flick of a switch, or button we can have instant power. Electricity plays an important part in our everyday lives, in another word we need electricity to function. Our modern life, industry, transportation, communication all need electricity. But one question that comes to our mind is that from where we generate this electricity, what its costs are. These are generated at power plants which convert some energy to electricity. According to origin energy, around 86% of electricity is generated from fossil fuels whereas only 14% of electricity is produced from renewable energy. Burning fossil fuels have negative effects on our environment as they release carbon dioxide and other gasses which may trap into the earth atmosphere and is a reason to global warming or climate change. Carbon dioxide is responsible for nearly half of the earth greenhouse gasses. In this essay, we will outline this problem of energy production through renewable sources and will discuss why this is a wicked problem. Wicked Problem Today living in a society there is a need for us to understand that our quality to living to back the long run balance ecologically by being harmless to surroundings or by exhausting resources (natural). A great proportion of energy generated in Australian is done centrally and depends on traditional energy sources, called fossil fuels in some studies. About 86% of the electricity is produced from such fuels types with 73% from coal and 13% from natural gas. Globally, this is replicated with fossil fuels being utilized for the electricity, powering vehicles as well as heating. The globe depends substantially on coal-fired electricity production since it is usually the cheapest type of generation. It is further reliable and sufficient. This is what makes it hard for renewable alternatives like wind and solar, to compete solely financial term. The renewable sources comprise remaining 14% of Australias electricity mix.2 The generation of energy from renewable sources is a wicked problem. It remains effortless to acknowledge environmental merits of utilizing alternative along with renewable energy forms. However, it is only appropriate that people become increasingly aware of the demerits. The renewable energy has the demerit because it is quite challenging to produce amounts of voltage which remain as huge as the ones generated by ancient fossil fuel generations. That could imply people need to decrease the quantity of energy that is used or merely build additional facilities for energy. It further designates that best answer to the wicked problem of energy could be to come up with a balance of several diverse sources of power. The other projected demerit of the renewable sources of energy relates to dependability of its supplies. Renewable energy usually depends on condition of weather for its power source. The hydro-generators require rainfall for dams to be filled to supply the steaming water. Turbines of wind require wind to rotate corresponding blades while solar gatherings require skies that are clear and sunshine for gathering heat as well as generate electricity. Where such assets are not available together with capability to generate enough energy from such sources. This is generally capricious as well as changeable. The present renewable energy technologies cost remains far huge than ancient fossil fuel generations. This is as a result of renewable source being a new technology and subsequently, has a huge capital cost. Clean energy challenge is meticulously connected to matters of changes in climate, despite being unequal. The change in climate challenge is often perceived to imply that, provided that global warming has happened and shall endure lest greenhouse gases emission remain significantly decreased either geoengineering, as well as dramatic alterations to the production of energy techniques, remain urgently required. The clean energy has taken an assumption that dramatic alterations to energy generation techniques remain instantly required to undue human-made climate alteration besides additional restraints as well as supplies. The problem of energy further encompasses the call for an ongoing supplies of energy for lifespan of humanoid race besides acquiring obtaining energy to developing countries. That is even when coal might be made clean, via sequestration of carbon and similar, energy problem would never be resolved by burning coal because it is limited supply. People may dissent about the quantity of supply. Nevertheless, they will not disagree in regards to its finitude. The security of supply has to be integrated as well. Where oil was clean besides in near-immeasurable supplies, but solely sourced by aggressive administrations, the energy generation system design need to provide accommodations such a restraint. Phrases such as green, renewable, sustainable as well as alternative remain too nebulous, overloaded as well as ideological. This is because clean energy does not mean renewable. For example, if coal were infinite as well as clean, coal would suffice, in the same manner, it would blend if it occurred. Moreover, several sources of energy presently named renewable; the reality is that they may never be adequately clean for the indefinite utilization because their corresponding energy generation densities remain extremely squat to supply a substantial part of international demand deprived of main modification to earth. Based on the properties of a wicked problems vis--vis energy problem as provided in the preceding summary, it is evident that clean energy is a wicked problem. No available conclusive formulation-solving the problem is undistinguishable to fathoming its nature. The comprehension of renewable energy nature, as well as global climate change, remains highly autonomous for resolving. There is a need to manage the inter-connected challenges of agriculture, energy, and water in the changing climate. The global energy utilization is projected to rise near over 50% by 2040 based on the International Energy Agency (IEA) 2016 Global Energy Forecast, with energy-linked Carbon dioxide emission increasing by 34% from levels of 2020. The evolving economies such as China as well as India will drive a great proportion of such growth because they continue to depend heavily on fossil fuels for meeting demands from their corresponding enlarging cities and industry. India, for example, will require quadrupling its current installed capacity of almost of 270GW by 2040, thereby creating another US on the utilization of energy. Topmost of this is the urgent need for additional energy access for the poorer and rural populace. Presently, over three billion individuals in developing nations still depend on ancient biomass for heating as well as cooking. About 1.5 billion lack the accessibility to electricity. India independently has 240 million, most of which are rural, individual without accessibility as well as appropriately seeks to move them out of energy poverty as well as fast as possible. India submitted a bold projection of accomplishing a forty percent share of non-fossil fuels in Indian energy portfolio by 2030 to the previous years climate bargaining in Paris. Nevertheless, it further schemes to enlarge its coal capacity to 400GW of the coal-fired electricity, more than forty percent of the mix, by 2035. Indian greenhouse gas emission is expected to grow fast to about five gigatonnes by 2030, around as huge as the ones in the US today. Based on the above information, a wicked problem emerges in protecting the global commons: how to get millions of individuals out of energy poverty without a substantial increase in greenhouse gas emissions. Production of energy can astonishingly thirst. A single megawatt hour of electricity produced from the sub-critical coal-fired power plant can need over 2,000 liters of water. The United States Geological Survey approximate that to generate and subsequently burn about 900m tons of coal, the US utilizes around 34% of its electricity per year, about 55 to 75tn gallons of water is required; which is almost equivalent to the amount which pours in 5 months over Niagara. As emerging economies urbanize as well as industrialize, utilizing fossil fuel power, additional of its water will be allotted to energy. Over 76 percent rise in water demand for energy as well as industry shall be needed crossways Asia by 2030. Seventy percent of continents river, as well as groundwater, is already being utilized for agriculture on average. A wicked number two is on protecting the global commons: how to compete for requirements of water for agriculture, as well as fossil-fuel energy, be squared. Unless there are radical alterations in agricultural or energy generation, it is unclear how well future water requirements for coal sector of India are going down with the Indias farmers. The third wicked problem is how coal-fired power stations of India will have to be built somewhere (Erickson, Jennings, 2017). Conclusion The interrelated challenges of energy, water, agriculture and climate alterations remain what is called a systems challenge. The US and India remain by no means solely in facing it. There is a need to examine who is working with power sector to put their investment programs into the context of basin broad hydrological risk maps that assess who will require what water alongside environment. There is also need to assess who is agreeing on adjustments to cost-benefit analysis of appraising investment to correct account of risk. There is also need to overly such investment examinations with diverse climate scenarios for the scarcity of water. Unless all the above the three things are done soonest, the wicked problems shall come home to roost, and shall never effectively speak to competing challenges of global common management and ensure required economic development. It will be the poorest to lose if it is not resolved. References Erickson, L. E., Jennings, M. (2017). Energy, Transportation, Air Quality, Climate Change, Health Nexus: Sustainable Energy is Good for Our Health. Iychettira, K. K., Hakvoort, R. A., Linares, P. (2017). Towards a comprehensive policy for electricity from renewable energy: An approach for policy design. Energy Policy, 106, 169-182.